Peptides are released by neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary which are the major controllers of GH secretion by the somatotropes.
balance of these stimulating and inhibiting peptides determines GH release, this balance is affected by many physiological stimulators (e.g., exercise, nutrition, sleep) and inhibitors of GH s
Two Sources of body water gain
- internal production : Water produced from the oxidation of organic nutrients
- ingestion : water ingested in liquids and foods
Four sites that lose water
- skin, respiratory air ways, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract
- Menstrual flow (in women)
The body gains sodium and chloride by ingestion and loses them via the skin (in sweat
hormone balance
alcohol , gestational diabetes, caffeine
A small percentage found to be familial
occurs at more commonly in congenital malformation
Prader-Willi syndrome, Noonan syndrome
the most common diagnostic dilemma
more common than truly undescended testes
do not need any treatment
as cremaster muscle relaxes or contracts, the testis moves
cremasteric reflex is
hormone, liberated by one kind of a cell is carried by the bloodstream to act on a distant target cell). 호르몬은 육체적인 활동에 따른 환경의 변화 뿐만 아니라 불규칙적인 음식물 (영양분, 미네랄, 물, 전해질)의 섭취에 따른 체내의 변화에 관계없이 내환경을 일정하게 유지하는 항상성 유지에 관여한다. 한편 이들은 성장조
hormone therapy. He
developed bitch tits because his
testosterone was too high and his
body upped the estrogen. That was
where my head fit -- into his huge,
sweating tits that hung enormous, the
way we think of Gods as big.
BOB
Theyre gonna have to open my pecs
again to drain the fluid.
Bob hugs tighter; then looks with empathy into Jacks eyes.
BOB
Okay. You cry now.
Jack looks at Bob.
JACK (V.O.
1. Objects
To understand Plant stress responses
To find glucose responses on plant germination and growth.
To understand plant glucose and hormonal interplay
2. Introduction
▶ Plant stress
External conditions that adversely affect growth,
development, or productivity
Stresses trigger a wide range of plant responses:
altered gene expression
cellular metabolism
changes in g